Рубрика: Экономическая политика в области туризма. Поощрение туризма 

УДК 338.486

Основные проблемы туристов во Владивостоке: пути решения
Сакович Екатерина Сергеевна
бакалавр 1 курса, кафедра высшей школы телевидения
Мария Владимировна Горбунова
научный руководитель, старший преподаватель, кафедра межкультурных коммуникаций и переводоведения
Владивостокский государственный университет экономики и сервиса
Россия. Владивосток
E-mail: Mariya.Gorbunova@vvsu.ru
ул. Гоголя, 41, г. Владивосток, Приморский край, Россия, 690014

Статья затрагивает основные проблемы туристической инфраструктуры Владивостока и трудности, с которыми сталкиваются туристы. Автор предлагает пути их решения. Также рассмотрены основные факторы привлекательности Владивостока для туристов. 

Ключевые слова и словосочетания: туризм, турист, Владивосток, трудности, проблемы, туристическая карта, общественный транспорт, английский язык, правительство
Major challenges for tourists in Vladivostok: ways to solve
Sakovich Ekaterina Sergeevna
bachelor of the 1st year, department of High School Television
Gorbunova Maria Vladimirovna
academic adviser, senior lecturer, department of cross-cultural communication and translation
Vladivostok state university of economics and service
Russia. Vladivostok

The article raises an issue of the problems of tourism infrastructure of Vladivostok and the main difficulties faced by tourists in Vladivostok. The author suggests the ways to solve them. In addition, the main attraction factors of the city are considered.
Key words and phrases: tourism, tourist, Vladivostok, difficulties, problems, tourist map, public transport, English, government

International tourism continues to be one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world. For the traveller, it’s easier now than ever before to book trips online with more choice and more booking platforms.
 Tourism in Russia has seen rapid growth since the late Soviet times, first inner tourism and then international tourism as well. Rich cultural heritage and great natural variety place Russia among the most popular tourist destinations in the world. 
Vladivostok serves as the eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway and a major Pacific port. Some travellers arrive here at the end or the beginning of a trip on the Trans-Siberian. But it has enough attractions and atmosphere to keep them for a couple of days [1].
But what difficulties do tourists have in Vladivostok? We start with the definition of the word "tourism". Tourism - the business of providing services such as transport, places to stay, or entertainment for people who are on holiday [4]. Twenty years ago not many people travelled overseas for their holidays. The majority of people stayed to have holidays in their country. Today the situation is different and the world seems much smaller. Over the past two or three years, foreign tourists have become commonplace on the streets of Vladivostok. Now, along with Russian signs, English and Chinese sign boards can be found with the same frequency. This is not surprising because Vladivostok is an absolutely charming city with magnificent, hilly terrain, bright architecture and numerous green islands and sandy bays along the Pacific coast. That is why the development of the tourism sector in Vladivostok is relevant.
Vladivostok has a problem with a tourist infrastructure which is underdeveloped. The government needs to pay attention to the problems of the tourism sector. The purpose of the work is to analyze the problems of tourists and propose a solution. Our task was to analyze why Vladivostok attracts tourists, study the problems of the city as a tourist city, and describe how to make the city more comfortable for visitors.
Vladivostok attracts tourists because it is official capital of the Russian Far East and one of Russia's most important commercial ports and naval bases, Vladivostok is also a thoroughly charming city, with a gorgeous, hilly setting, striking architecture and numerous verdant islands and sandy bays along its Pacific coastline. Most notable of these is Golden Horn Bay (named for its likeness to Istanbul’s), over which now soars a massive suspension bridge, one of two built in recent years that have hugely improved the city's lumbering Soviet-era infrastructure [1].
The rest of Russia slowly seems to be waking up to Vladivostok's potential as well. In 2016 St Petersburg's Mariinsky Theatre inaugurated its impressive glass and steel Primorsky Stage, while the Hermitage in Vladivostok is due to open in 2019. 
It is difficult to imagine a trip without a map, especially if you are not just going to visit different countries, but planning to get acquainted with local sights, monuments and places of rest, in this case you cannot do without tourist maps [3]. But there is no tourist map in Vladivostok. Tourist Map is a geographic map designed for tourists. A specific requirement for tourist maps is that they should be clearly drawn and legible—a requirement that applies to such supplementary map features as drawings, photographs, indexed guides, explanatory text, and various information and reference material. Vladivostok needs a tourist map because the city offers a large choice of attractions for tourists [2]. 
Tourist map of Vladivostok should inform the Tourist of the location of major attractions, restaurants, retail stores, notable neighborhoods, and transit hubs, provide street names, and help the Tourist navigate comfortably in a place for a few days [6].
Located more than 9,000 km from Moscow, Vladivostok is still an interesting tourist city. The city offers a large number of attractions: Primorsky Oceanarium, Arsenev Regional Museum, Russky Island, Transfiguration Cathedral, Antique Automobile Museum, Funicular, S-56 Submarine and others. But there are no tourist attractions signs.
A tourist sign, often referred to as a brown sign, is a traffic sign that gives the detailed and clear directions for visitors how to get to tourist destinations [5].
High quality sign boards of attractions and facilities help visitors orientate themselves when in unfamiliar surroundings and they can play a significant role in the quality of the visitor experience in Vladivostok.
It may be recalled that in 2016, as part of a campaign to create a comfortable and convenient environment for tourists coming to Vladivostok, tourist attractions signs were installed. In this case, the translation on the indexes was not correct. For example, «Voroshilovskaya 	artillery battery» memorial complex has become a “submarine museum” (Memorial Submarine Museum), «Red Pennant» monument ship is a Military Monument, and «the square in memory of the fighters for Soviet power» in the Far East is just the Central Square, losing all their historical significance.
In Russia, a single standard for tourist sign boards has not yet been established. There are, however, individual attempts to change something in Tatarstan, Moscow, Yekaterinburg, which indirectly indicates the same need for the whole country.
There are signs of different types. Some indicate directions, others stand near monuments. This can be either a stylized picture with an image of an ancient castle, or just a text with an arrow or an icon [4].
Attractions that might be marked with a tourist attraction sign are: hotels, guest houses, attractions, visitor centres, zoos, museums, activity centres, theatres/arts centres, shopping centres, restaurants.
Vladivostok has a wide range of transportation: 52 bus routes, 49 minibus routes, 2 trolley bus route, 1 route of tram, 2 of ferries, 7 of electric trains, 1 of funicular. But the city does not have a transit map.
A transit map is a topological map in the form of a schematic diagram used to illustrate the routes and stations within a public transport system—whether this be bus lines, tramways, rapid transit, commuter rail or ferry routes [2]. The main components are color coded lines to indicate each line or service, with named icons to indicate stations or stops.
Why do tourists need to use public transport? It has an economic, social and environmental benefit. Maintaining a private vehicle is very expensive, especially for a tourist who still needs to find where to rent a car, and the Russian traffic rules may differ. And traffic jams? A few hours spent in them will not be a good impression about the trip. In addition, the public transport is relatively safer than passenger cars, since buses often travel at lower speeds [3]. Research consistenly shows the public transport system as being a safer mode of travel. Accidents are far fewer, so consider that a tourist chance of being involved in accident significantly reduces when he opt for the public transport system. Travelling by public transport immerses tourists in the culture of Russia, you can also get to know interesting locals there. It is also a more healthy approach because of the walking and standing associated with it. Finally, public transport in Vladivostok is just worth seeing. For example, a tourist will be interested in a ride on an old trolleybus or tram. And the Funicular has been a must-see landmark for many years.
Half of the population knows English (51%) in Vladivostok. In spite of this, I often see tourists on the streets, who cannot find help from a local. 
Communication becomes difficult in situations where people don’t understand each other’s language. Simply put, a language barrier is anything in the realm of verbal communication that prevents two people from understanding each other.
What causes the language barrier? Psychologists distinguish two types of language barriers: linguistic and psychological.
To overcome the linguistic barrier is much easier than the psychological one, since the reason for the former is the lack of language practice. For example, you know the grammatical structures, have a good vocabulary, but due to the lack of speech practice, you are not able to express your thoughts, express your point of view, you cannot use this knowledge in speech. The reason for the linguistic barrier may be the complexity in the perception and understanding of foreign speech.
The reasons for the psychological barrier are much deeper. There may be bad first experience. You have been persistently learning the language for some time. And after you feel confident in your abilities, you will be able to check yourself in a real situation - in communication with a native speaker. Many people start to worry, as in the exam, and forget everything they knew [4]. Thoughts are confused, sentences do not line up, and words and grammar are forgotten. This is precisely what can be the cause of the development of a complex of self-doubt about the language, which subsequently grows into the acquisition of a language barrier. 
Tourism is considered to be one of the largest, most profitable and most dynamically developing sectors of the economy, being an active source of foreign exchange earnings, and influences the balance of payments of the country. In addition to influencing the economies of many countries, international tourism affects their social, cultural and ecological environment. That is why Vladivostok needs to solve the problems of tourists [1].
First, the government should develop paper and interactive maps of the city.
The main information provided by a city map is the street network, including its street names (often supplemented by at least a selection of house numbers), along with buildings, parks and waterways. Streets and points of interest are usually also listed in a legend or register, locating objects on a map grid on the map. Important places such as administrative buildings, cultural institutions, attractions, etc. may be highlighted with the assistance of pictograms. The map may also be complemented by representations of public transport facilities [6].
Tourist signs are widely recognised around world and provide visitors travelling on foot with clear and consistent directions on how to reach tourist destinations that might be otherwise hard to find.[2]Therefore, the city authorities need to pay attention to the lack of signs of attractions on the streets. Vladivostok needs a whole system of tourist signs to become a comfortable city for tourists [5].
A transit map is a topological map in the form of a schematic diagram used to illustrate the routes and stations within a public transport system—whether this be bus lines, tramways, rapid transit, commuter rail or ferry routes. The main components are color coded lines to indicate each line or service, with named icons to indicate stations or stops. The creation of this map will make traveling around Vladivostok more comfortable for tourists [3].
Travelling is great fun, as long as you accept its various challenges as part of the thrill of traveling. One really frustrating challenge for the international traveler is the language barrier. People need to feel free to approach foreigners on the street and offer assistance. In addition to good deeds, it is also a useful practice of language. If you do not understand a person, do not hesitate to use translators. And the main thing is to be attentive to people and learn English.
According to the forecast of the World Tourism Organization by 2020, Russia can enter the top ten countries - the most popular tourist destinations. Russian tourism has its own history of development. Recently, tourism has received significant development and has become a massive socio-economic phenomenon of international scope. Its rapid development contributes to the expansion of political, economic, scientific and cultural ties between the states and peoples of the world. The massive development of tourism allows millions of people to expand knowledge of the history of their homeland and other countries, to get acquainted with the sights, culture, traditions of a particular country.
Summarizing the above, we consider that solving the above mentioned tourist problems and challenges may improve the quality of tourism industry service in Vladivostok to a considerable extent. Placing sign boards with clear detailed tourist information, publishing tourist attraction and transit maps, overcoming language barrier will solve the problems. 
We can generally describe the new concept of the development of the industry in Vladivostok: tourism should be for the city, and not a city for tourism. The administrative center of Primorye in recent years has become one of the most attractive places for guests in the Far East. 
Vladivostok allows producing a huge amount of tourist content, there are many topics and aspects on the basis of which new museums, exhibitions and sightseeing routes can appear. And therefore, Vladivostok must not stop developing and solve problems. And perhaps in the future it may become a new tourist capital of Russia.

1.	Russia Beyond. Международный мультимедийный проект АНО «ТВ-Новости» [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://www.rbth.com
2.	European Journal of Natural History [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://world-science.ru
3.	Lonely Planet - Travel Guides & Travel Information [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://www.lonelyplanet.com
4.	Backpacker Travel [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://www.backpackertravel.org
5.	National Torism Signing Reference Group [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: https://www.touristsigns.org.au
6.	Maps Everywhere 2019 [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://mapseverywhere.net